DAO under European law – can a decentralised organisation be a legal entity?
A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is a structure now typical of Web3 – built on smart contracts, automated rules and community governance. DAOs have no management board, no registered office address and no traditional articles of association. Instead, they have code, tokens and, sometimes, voting on Discord. It sounds innovative, but from the perspective of […]
Typical Legal Mistakes of Blockchain Startups and How to Avoid Them
In the blockchain world, technology often moves faster than the law – and startups that act quickly and boldly do not always act with sufficient legal awareness. Unfortunately, many legal mistakes made in the early stages of development can hinder the scaling of a project, discourage investors, or lead to costly consequences. This is especially […]
Blockchain without protection? See what you can safeguard and how to do it
Blockchain is not just code. It’s algorithms, architectures, tokenomics, and know-how that teams work on for months. In a world where copying solutions can take just days, the question “how do we protect all this?” becomes critical. And there is no single answer. Why Think About Protection Early? In startups and blockchain-based projects, the pace […]
The End of VASPs, Time for CASPs – New Licenses for Crypto Firms in the EU
From July 2026 at the latest, companies operating in the crypto-asset market in the European Union will be required to hold a CASP license. Entrepreneurs who previously provided services as so-called VASPs (Virtual Asset Service Providers) will need to transition and become authorised as CASPs under MiCA. This means not only a change in the […]
MiCA 2025: New regulations for utility tokens – what do issuers need to know?
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will be subject to new legal obligations. While regulations for such tokens are still more lenient than payment tokens, the MiCA regulation introduces new requirements, including the obligation to notify of issuance and publish a white paper. Project founders and compliance departments should prepare for […]
Utility Tokens under MiCA – New Obligations from 2025 for Crypto Projects
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will face new legal obligations. While regulatory requirements for such tokens remain lighter than for payment tokens, the introduction of the MiCA regulation imposes new duties—including notification and white paper publication. Below is a guideline to the changes prepared by Lawarton lawyers. What regulatory changes […]
ESMA Guidelines on Crypto Marketing: Key Implications for Non-EU Firms
Date: 20/03/2025 The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) adopts a technology-neutral approach when evaluating promotional activities in the cryptocurrency sector. Under the ESMA guidelines, any form of digital or offline marketing, advertising, or service offering may be classified as solicitation. This encompasses digital ads, crypto influencer marketing, social media content, and indirect strategies such […]
A new age for cryptoassets in Poland
We are excited to see a development in the Polish cryptocurrency sector: the draft of a new law on cryptoassets. In our opinion, this is a step in a very good direction for our country and the industry. Transparency and Security The new law aims to introduce a clear regulatory framework for cryptocurrency activities, which […]
DAO, a decentralized autonomous organization as a new form of organizational structure
Enthusiasts and all those who are interested in blockchain have a chance to read the latest comprehensive article, published on the PARP website. It describes the topic of decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) as a new form of organizational structure. From the article we can learn in particular: What is a DAO? What types of DAOs exist? How […]
The UK legislature and executive of crypto in the UK
The UK legislature and executive are moving to tighten regulation of crypto in the UK which may impact an offshore environment around the world. UK insights for DeFi The last report “Regulating Crypto Fifteenth Report of Session 2022–23” published on 10 May 2023 confirms this scenario. The report is a result of Treasury Committee work, […]