Blockchain Crowdfunding – ICO, STO, IDO. How Do They Differ?
New Funding Models in the Blockchain World Technology startups operating in the blockchain space increasingly rely on alternative forms of raising capital. Instead of traditional financing (e.g. venture capital or business angels), they choose to issue tokens and use crowdfunding models based on distributed ledger technology. The most common models include Initial Coin Offering (ICO), […]
DAO under European law – can a decentralised organisation be a legal entity?
A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is a structure now typical of Web3 – built on smart contracts, automated rules and community governance. DAOs have no management board, no registered office address and no traditional articles of association. Instead, they have code, tokens and, sometimes, voting on Discord. It sounds innovative, but from the perspective of […]
Typical Legal Mistakes of Blockchain Startups and How to Avoid Them
In the blockchain world, technology often moves faster than the law – and startups that act quickly and boldly do not always act with sufficient legal awareness. Unfortunately, many legal mistakes made in the early stages of development can hinder the scaling of a project, discourage investors, or lead to costly consequences. This is especially […]
Blockchain without protection? See what you can safeguard and how to do it
Blockchain is not just code. It’s algorithms, architectures, tokenomics, and know-how that teams work on for months. In a world where copying solutions can take just days, the question “how do we protect all this?” becomes critical. And there is no single answer. Why Think About Protection Early? In startups and blockchain-based projects, the pace […]
The End of VASPs, Time for CASPs – New Licenses for Crypto Firms in the EU
From July 2026 at the latest, companies operating in the crypto-asset market in the European Union will be required to hold a CASP license. Entrepreneurs who previously provided services as so-called VASPs (Virtual Asset Service Providers) will need to transition and become authorised as CASPs under MiCA. This means not only a change in the […]
How to do Fintech in Poland?
The latest report, How to do Fintech in Poland?, published by FinTech Poland, is a compendium of knowledge for technology companies planning to expand in Poland. Experts from the Lawarton law firm present key regulatory changes that are already affecting fintech strategies in Europe, i.e., the MiCA regulation and the new AML package. Wojciech Ługowski, in […]
SEC launches “Project Crypto”
Amerykańska SEC zapowiada kompleksową inicjatywę regulacyjną skierowaną do sektora blockchain, DeFi i tokenizacji. „Project Crypto” to pierwszy tak spójny zestaw założeń, który może wyznaczyć standardy także poza USA. Planned reforms include: precyzyjne kryteria klasyfikacji tokenów (security, commodity, stablecoin) wytyczne dla legalnych emisji tokenów i airdropów ramy prawne dla stakingu i self-custody tokenizację papierów wartościowych jako […]
MiCA 2025: New regulations for utility tokens – what do issuers need to know?
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will be subject to new legal obligations. While regulations for such tokens are still more lenient than payment tokens, the MiCA regulation introduces new requirements, including the obligation to notify of issuance and publish a white paper. Project founders and compliance departments should prepare for […]
Utility Tokens under MiCA – New Obligations from 2025 for Crypto Projects
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will face new legal obligations. While regulatory requirements for such tokens remain lighter than for payment tokens, the introduction of the MiCA regulation imposes new duties—including notification and white paper publication. Below is a guideline to the changes prepared by Lawarton lawyers. What regulatory changes […]
ETH Warsaw
On September 5-6, 2024 Wojciech Lugowski participated in the ETH Warsaw conference. This unique event, dedicated to blockchain, cryptocurrencies and innovations in decentralized finance (DeFi), brought together the greatest minds and pioneers in the industry. ETH Warsaw is one of the most important events on the map of Central and Eastern Europe, where innovators, developers, […]