Lawarton’s contribution to the Chambers Fintech 2026 Global Practice Guide
The latest edition of the Chambers Fintech 2026 Global Practice Guide is now available! Lawarton contributed to the Poland chapter, covering the evolving regulatory landscape for fintech, including key developments in blockchain, cryptoassets, and financial innovation. The chapter combines an analysis of the current legal framework with practical insights for businesses operating at the intersection […]
Between EU regulations and national practice. What about MiCA in Poland?
MiCA is increasingly moving from the level of regulatory assumptions into everyday market practice, raising very concrete questions for entrepreneurs. During the event “Between EU regulations and national practice: What about MiCA in Poland?”, organized by Blockchain Girls & Superteam Poland, Wojciech Ługowski had the opportunity to open a discussion on how the new regulations are actually affecting business […]
When Does a Token Become a Financial Instrument? Practical Criteria Under MiFID II and MiCA
Tokenisation is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon that attracts innovators. Today’s market encompasses various categories of tokens – from utility tokens, through payment tokens and stablecoins (including EMTs and ARTs within the meaning of MiCA), to investment tokens. The latter may incorporate proprietary or corporate rights and, as a result, be subject to a significantly […]
When Does a Token Qualify as “Electronic Money”? The Boundary Between Stablecoins and E-Money Under EU Law
The growing popularity of stablecoins is making their legal classification increasingly important. A key issue is determining whether a token offered as a “means of payment in Web3” should in fact be classified as electronic money within the meaning of the EMD2 Directive. Why does this matter? As emphasised by Wojciech Ługowski, attorney-at-law and managing […]
Incorporation and Operation of Blockchain Companies in Offshore Jurisdictions – a Regulatory Overview of Selected Jurisdictions: British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Estonia
The development and growing adoption of blockchain technology mean that Web3 projects are increasingly moving rapidly from the conceptual stage to actual business operations. At this point, one of the key decisions becomes the choice of the legal environment in which the project will be developed and, at a later stage, commercialised. When selecting a […]
Blockchain and Payment Services Law – When Does a Crypto Wallet Provider Become a Payment Institution?
The development of blockchain technology is outpacing the pace of regulatory change. This legal gap caused by rapid development often leads Web3 startups (e.g., those developing crypto wallets, payment gateways or DeFi applications) to believe that the legal framework of the “traditional” financial market does not apply to them. After all, if they do not […]
DAO under European law – can a decentralised organisation be a legal entity?
A Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is a structure now typical of Web3 – built on smart contracts, automated rules and community governance. DAOs have no management board, no registered office address and no traditional articles of association. Instead, they have code, tokens and, sometimes, voting on Discord. It sounds innovative, but from the perspective of […]
How to do Fintech in Poland?
The latest report, How to do Fintech in Poland?, published by FinTech Poland, is a compendium of knowledge for technology companies planning to expand in Poland. Experts from the Lawarton law firm present key regulatory changes that are already affecting fintech strategies in Europe, i.e., the MiCA regulation and the new AML package. Wojciech Ługowski, in […]
SEC launches “Project Crypto”
Amerykańska SEC zapowiada kompleksową inicjatywę regulacyjną skierowaną do sektora blockchain, DeFi i tokenizacji. „Project Crypto” to pierwszy tak spójny zestaw założeń, który może wyznaczyć standardy także poza USA. Planned reforms include: precyzyjne kryteria klasyfikacji tokenów (security, commodity, stablecoin) wytyczne dla legalnych emisji tokenów i airdropów ramy prawne dla stakingu i self-custody tokenizację papierów wartościowych jako […]
Utility Tokens under MiCA – New Obligations from 2025 for Crypto Projects
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will face new legal obligations. While regulatory requirements for such tokens remain lighter than for payment tokens, the introduction of the MiCA regulation imposes new duties—including notification and white paper publication. Below is a guideline to the changes prepared by Lawarton lawyers. What regulatory changes […]