When Does a Token Qualify as “Electronic Money”? The Boundary Between Stablecoins and E-Money Under EU Law
The growing popularity of stablecoins is making their legal classification increasingly important. A key issue is determining whether a token offered as a “means of payment in Web3” should in fact be classified as electronic money within the meaning of the EMD2 Directive. Why does this matter? As emphasised by Wojciech Ługowski, attorney-at-law and managing […]
Typical Legal Mistakes of Blockchain Startups and How to Avoid Them
In the blockchain world, technology often moves faster than the law – and startups that act quickly and boldly do not always act with sufficient legal awareness. Unfortunately, many legal mistakes made in the early stages of development can hinder the scaling of a project, discourage investors, or lead to costly consequences. This is especially […]
MiCA 2025: New regulations for utility tokens – what do issuers need to know?
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will be subject to new legal obligations. While regulations for such tokens are still more lenient than payment tokens, the MiCA regulation introduces new requirements, including the obligation to notify of issuance and publish a white paper. Project founders and compliance departments should prepare for […]
Utility Tokens under MiCA – New Obligations from 2025 for Crypto Projects
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will face new legal obligations. While regulatory requirements for such tokens remain lighter than for payment tokens, the introduction of the MiCA regulation imposes new duties—including notification and white paper publication. Below is a guideline to the changes prepared by Lawarton lawyers. What regulatory changes […]
To many doors open by MiCA
EU officials formally signed Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation into law on last Wednesday! The entire act counts 525 pages and we are more than ready to share with you some interesting tips on that. (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CONSIL:PE_54_2022_REV_1 ) What next? 1) Publication in the official journal of the EU (shortly), 2) Entry into force […]
Negotiations at the Cyber Science postgraduate studies
New technologies are rapidly changing the world we live in. The postgraduate studies ‘Cyber Science. Tokenisation and Process Automation in the Digital Economy. Legal, technical and managerial aspects‘, at the University of Silesia in Katowice. The knowledge imparted during the lectures, exercises and workshops is invaluable, and Wojciech Ługowski, who led a workshop on Negotiation last […]