Zonda Crypto and clients’ funds: Wojciech Ługowski discusses the case on Biznes24
On 4 August 2026, Wojciech Ługowski appeared on Biznes24 to discuss the case involving Zonda Crypto and the situation of individuals seeking to recover their funds. He addressed the scale of the proceedings, the challenges posed by cross-border money flows, the role of financial institutions, and the importance of MiCA regulations in protecting clients in […]
Wojciech Ługowski on BIZNES24: How is MiCA changing the European crypto market?
On 29 July 2026, Wojciech Ługowski of Lawarton appeared live on BIZNES24 in the “Cyfrowe Rynki Europa” programme. The discussion focused on the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (MiCA) and its impact on companies operating in the cryptocurrency, blockchain and new technology sectors across the European Union. MiCA is changing the business landscape for the crypto market The Markets […]
Why is the “legal layer” a MUST-HAVE when looking for investors?
A great idea, a strong team, and technology with real potential. These are usually the first things a founder thinks about when preparing for conversations with investors. Legal matters often appear much further down the list. And that is exactly where the problems can begin… In the first episode of the Blockchain Startup School series, […]
Can individual investors access companies such as OpenAI, SpaceX, or Anthropic without having millions in their account?
This is one of the questions that arises following the entry of the French app Akka into Poland. The topic was covered today by XYZ, and the article includes expert commentary from Wojciech Ługowski. And it is precisely the regulatory perspective that is key here. Behind terms such as investment app, pre-IPO, private markets, SPV, […]
Which crypto players may exit the market once MiCA comes into force?
The cryptoasset market is entering a stage in which technology alone is no longer the key differentiator. Regulatory compliance, risk management models, and the ability to operate within the framework of European MiCA requirements are becoming increasingly important. In the Prawo.pl article on MiCA licensing, the transitional period, and the consequences for cryptoasset service providers, […]
Lawarton’s contribution to the Chambers Fintech 2026 Global Practice Guide
The latest edition of the Chambers Fintech 2026 Global Practice Guide is now available! Lawarton contributed to the Poland chapter, covering the evolving regulatory landscape for fintech, including key developments in blockchain, cryptoassets, and financial innovation. The chapter combines an analysis of the current legal framework with practical insights for businesses operating at the intersection […]
NFTs as Rights to a Work – Between Digital Ownership and Copyright Law
In recent years, NFTs (non-fungible tokens) have gained significant popularity as a tool for identifying and trading digital assets, such as artworks, recordings, animations, virtual items, or in-game elements. According to Wojciech Ługowski, attorney-at-law and managing partner at Lawarton Law Firm, the development of the NFT market has given rise to numerous myths, in particular […]
When Does a Token Become a Financial Instrument? Practical Criteria Under MiFID II and MiCA
Tokenisation is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon that attracts innovators. Today’s market encompasses various categories of tokens – from utility tokens, through payment tokens and stablecoins (including EMTs and ARTs within the meaning of MiCA), to investment tokens. The latter may incorporate proprietary or corporate rights and, as a result, be subject to a significantly […]
When Does a Token Qualify as “Electronic Money”? The Boundary Between Stablecoins and E-Money Under EU Law
The growing popularity of stablecoins is making their legal classification increasingly important. A key issue is determining whether a token offered as a “means of payment in Web3” should in fact be classified as electronic money within the meaning of the EMD2 Directive. Why does this matter? As emphasised by Wojciech Ługowski, attorney-at-law and managing […]
Incorporation and Operation of Blockchain Companies in Offshore Jurisdictions – a Regulatory Overview of Selected Jurisdictions: British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Estonia
The development and growing adoption of blockchain technology mean that Web3 projects are increasingly moving rapidly from the conceptual stage to actual business operations. At this point, one of the key decisions becomes the choice of the legal environment in which the project will be developed and, at a later stage, commercialised. When selecting a […]