Which crypto players may exit the market once MiCA comes into force?
The cryptoasset market is entering a stage in which technology alone is no longer the key differentiator. Regulatory compliance, risk management models, and the ability to operate within the framework of European MiCA requirements are becoming increasingly important. In the Prawo.pl article on MiCA licensing, the transitional period, and the consequences for cryptoasset service providers, […]
Between EU regulations and national practice. What about MiCA in Poland?
MiCA is increasingly moving from the level of regulatory assumptions into everyday market practice, raising very concrete questions for entrepreneurs. During the event “Between EU regulations and national practice: What about MiCA in Poland?”, organized by Blockchain Girls & Superteam Poland, Wojciech Ługowski had the opportunity to open a discussion on how the new regulations are actually affecting business […]
When Does a Token Become a Financial Instrument? Practical Criteria Under MiFID II and MiCA
Tokenisation is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon that attracts innovators. Today’s market encompasses various categories of tokens – from utility tokens, through payment tokens and stablecoins (including EMTs and ARTs within the meaning of MiCA), to investment tokens. The latter may incorporate proprietary or corporate rights and, as a result, be subject to a significantly […]
When Does a Token Qualify as “Electronic Money”? The Boundary Between Stablecoins and E-Money Under EU Law
The growing popularity of stablecoins is making their legal classification increasingly important. A key issue is determining whether a token offered as a “means of payment in Web3” should in fact be classified as electronic money within the meaning of the EMD2 Directive. Why does this matter? As emphasised by Wojciech Ługowski, attorney-at-law and managing […]
DORA and blockchain – are DLT network operators subject to the EU regulation on digital operational resilience?
With the start of the application of EU Regulation (EU) 2022/2554, the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), which began to apply on 17 January 2025, entities operating in the financial sector in Europe have faced a new challenge related to security and digital operational resilience. DORA introduces comprehensive requirements concerning ICT risk management, digital resilience […]
Wojciech Ługowski as a panellist at Bitget Crypto Elites Poland
On 14 December 2025, Warsaw hosted the Bitget Crypto Elites Poland event, which focused on key challenges and development directions for blockchain technology in Poland. Wojciech Ługowski took part in the panel discussion entitled ‘Is Poland keeping pace with the development of blockchain technology?’ The discussion focused on the implementation of MiCA regulations in Poland and […]
MiCA 2025: New regulations for utility tokens – what do issuers need to know?
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will be subject to new legal obligations. While regulations for such tokens are still more lenient than payment tokens, the MiCA regulation introduces new requirements, including the obligation to notify of issuance and publish a white paper. Project founders and compliance departments should prepare for […]
Utility Tokens under MiCA – New Obligations from 2025 for Crypto Projects
From mid-2025, crypto projects issuing utility tokens in the EU will face new legal obligations. While regulatory requirements for such tokens remain lighter than for payment tokens, the introduction of the MiCA regulation imposes new duties—including notification and white paper publication. Below is a guideline to the changes prepared by Lawarton lawyers. What regulatory changes […]